Her husband passed away in 2006 and she was not eligible for family pension. However, the bank her husband worked at opened a one-time pension eligibility window some years later which the widow applied for after the last date. A Delhi High Court has now rejected the widow’s pension claim. Here’s what the case is about:Mr Ramesh Chand had been working with Bank of Maharashtra since March 1, 1985, and he died on February 12, 2006 when he was still in service. He was survived by his wife, Savitri Devi, and a son. Chand was covered under the contributory provident fund regime at the time of his death. The bank paid his terminal benefits, including provident fund and gratuity, to Devi on July 24, 2006.Although Devi was not eligible for family pension under the existing arrangement at the time, her son was employed with the same bank.On April 27, 2010, Bank of Maharashtra introduced a one-time option allowing a specified category of serving employees, retired employees and families of deceased employees to join the Pension Scheme, subject to the prescribed terms and conditions.The bank subsequently set out the eligibility requirements through a circular issued on August 18, 2010. The circular covered the families of employees who had joined the bank before September 29, 1995, but died while still in service after that date.On the face of it, Devi appeared to fall within this category. Her husband had joined the bank in 1985 and died while in service in 2006. So why was her pension claim rejected?
Why bank rejected widow’s pension claim
The bank opened the window for pension but eligibility by itself did not mean that the pension would be granted. Those who were covered by the scheme were required to exercise the option within the time limit and comply with the procedure laid down in the circular.The deadline for submitting the application was October 18, 2010. The bank’s circular made it clear that employees, retired employees and families of deceased employees whose forms did not reach the concerned branch or office within the prescribed period would not be eligible for pension or family pension.Devi, however, submitted her application at Bank of Maharashtra’s Connaught Place branch on March 2, 2011, several months after the deadline had passed.Devi stated that she was willing to repay the bank’s contribution to the Provident Fund, along with interest and the additional amount required under the scheme.She followed this up with a handwritten letter to the bank on December 30, 2013, reiterating her position. According to her case, she received no response.Devi then filed an RTI application to find out what had happened to her request. The information she received showed that the branch manager had contacted the bank’s head office seeking guidance on her case. However, for reasons that remained unexplained, the branch did not forward Devi’s application to the head office.The RTI response also revealed that the bank’s head office had instructed the branch to collect the required documents from Devi and send the complete set of papers back for consideration on merits. Nothing further came of the matter, however, and the reason for the lack of action remained unclear.Devi argued that these records established that the bank was aware of her claim for family pension and therefore could not subsequently reject it on the ground that documents were missing or had not been submitted.She eventually approached the court over the issue. The Delhi High Court, however, dismissed her case on July 7, 2026.
Why Delhi High Court rejected the widow’s pension claim
Shashwat Anand, Advocate on Record, Supreme Court of India, told ET that the Delhi High Court found the August 18, 2010 circular to be a one-time opportunity with a clearly defined deadline for opting into the Pension Scheme.The last date for exercising the option was October 18, 2010. Devi, however, submitted her application only on March 2, 2011. There was also no contemporaneous receipt, date-stamp or acknowledgment from the branch to establish when her application had been received.Anand said timely submission was not merely a procedural requirement but formed part of the conditions for acquiring the right under the pension scheme. As a result, equitable considerations could not be used to alter the pension scheme or set aside its mandatory eligibility requirements.The lawyer also pointed out that the bank’s internal correspondence from January 2014 was treated by the Delhi High Court as an administrative exchange. Itrelated to checking records and seeking instructions from the Head Office. The correspondence, therefore, could not be treated as an admission that the bank had received and accepted a valid option from Devi or had agreed to condone the delay.The biggest point that went against Devi’s case was that she could not establish that the branch had received her application.Devi maintained that she had submitted the pension option form on March 2, 2011. However, she could not produce evidence establishing that the branch had actually received it on that date. More importantly, the prescribed deadline under the circular was October 18, 2010.There was no bank acknowledgment confirming receipt of the form at the Connaught Place branch on March 2, 2011. The circular itself required the family member to retain an acknowledged copy of the application. Devi did not produce any such copy bearing the branch’s receipt or date-stamp before the High Court.The Court consequently relied on the express terms of the pension scheme, which required applications to be submitted within the stipulated deadline and stated that forms received after that date would not be considered.Since Devi had not demonstrated compliance with this requirement, the Court held that the delay could not give rise to an enforceable right to family pension.The High Court also made it clear that equitable considerations could not be relied upon to create an entitlement de hors (outside) the Scheme.The Delhi High Court also examined the bank’s internal communication dated January 18, 2014. It held that the communication could not be interpreted as an unequivocal acknowledgment that Devi had submitted a valid option in March 2011 and that the bank was consequently required to act on it.The communication had been issued after Devi claimed that she had submitted the option form but had not received any subsequent response from the bank.When the branch forwarded a copy of the option form to the Head Office, it also recorded that a search of its records had failed to locate any document showing that the form had previously been sent to the Head Office.The Delhi High Court said the communication in question did not establish the truth of Devi’s claim.The Delhi High Court acknowledged that the bank’s handling of Devi’s case showed some administrative laxity and indecision.The Delhi High Court said: “However, such administrative shortcomings, howsoever regrettable, cannot operate to create or enlarge an entitlement that is otherwise unavailable under the governing circular.”The Court made it clear that the legal basis for a family pension claim has to come from the applicable pension scheme itself. Procedural lapses in implementing that scheme cannot, by themselves, create such a right.The Court therefore held that internal correspondence or a request to submit additional documents could not be treated as a final decision granting Devi a substantive entitlement to family pension.The Delhi High Court recognised that family pension is a beneficial, welfare-oriented measure intended to provide financial support to the family of a deceased employee.At the same time, the Court said: “Nevertheless, the beneficial character of a scheme does not mean the court can disregard its express terms.”Where a scheme lays down a specific procedure for exercising the option, fixes a deadline and sets out related financial requirements, the Court said those conditions form an integral part of the scheme.
